Blog Pages

Monday, July 9, 2018

Type 2 Diabetes Complications

The major short-term complications associated with Type 2 diabetes include the following:
  • Hyperglycemia
  • Hypoglycemia
  • Ketoacidosis
  • Hyperosmolar Syndrome
As Type 2 diabetes progresses over the years, it rots outs the inside of your body, which eventually leads to one or more of the following long-term complications:
  • Kidney Disease (Dialysis)
  • Eye Disease (Blindness)
  • Nerve Disease (Amputation)
  • Heart Disease (Heart Attack, Stroke)
Other complications associated with Type 2 diabetes include the following:


  • High Blood Pressure
  • High Cholesterol
  • Obesity/Weight Gain
  • Periodontal Disease 
  • Frequent Infections
  • Bruises That Don’t Heal 
  • Sexual Dysfunction, e.g. erectile dysfunction
  • Depression
  • Chronic Fatigue & Adrenal Fatigue
  • Alzheimer's
  • Gout
  • Macular Degeneration


Type 2 Diabetes at Cell Level

As depicted in the cell diagram (below), the insulin receptors on the surface of each cell are damaged (inflamed).

These damaged receptors ignore the presence of insulin in your blood and prevent glucose from entering your cells via the glucose transporters  [1a].

Consequently, the glucose stays in the blood, causing your blood glucose level to rise [1b]. As a result, the cells can't produce energy or burn fat [2]

In addition, the cells are unable to remove toxins and waste [3]; and, over time, the cells may become further damaged and lose the ability to communicate with each other [4].


Type 2 Diabetes Pathology

Type 2 diabetes is a complex metabolic disease characterized by hyperglycemia, insulin resistance, cell inflammation, oxidation, and glycation.

These biological processes gradually cause serious damage to major tissues and organs including the arteries, eyes, kidneys, feet, heart and brain. 

The key stages of Type 2 diabetes pathology and pathogenesis include:
-- Hyperglycemia
-- Insulin Resistance
-- Oral Glucose Tolerance
-- Chronic Inflammation/Oxidation
-- Prediabetes
-- Full-blown Type 2 Diabetes
-- Diabetic Complications


Diabetes Diet Meal Recipes

Here are some examples of diabetic-friendly and macronutrient-balanced meals to help stabilize your blood glucose levels and reduce the inflammation and oxidation in your cells.

Super Breakfast
  • 1½ cups steamed broccoli (or 2 cups spinach)
  • Omega-3 organic egg or 3 oz. canned wild salmon
  • 1½ Tbsp. extra virgin olive oil/coconut oil
  • 16 oz. filtered/distilled water 
  • 6-8 oz. raw vegetable juice (optional)
Tip: If possible, drink the raw juice 30 minutes before your meal. 
Seasoning: Onions, garlic, sea salt, colored bell  peppers, other spices.
Optional: Add 1 scoop of super greens powder (e.g. chlorella/spirulina, wheat/barley grass) to a glass of water,

Super Snack
  • An apple (or other whole fruit)
  • A handful of walnuts/almonds
  • A glass of filtered/distilled water
  • Optional: Add 1-2 tsp. chlorella/spirulina to your water raw juice or low-sodium V-8 juice.
Super Lunch
  • A small salad (with Romaine lettuce, baby spinach, sprouts, onion, garlic, celery, cucumber, tomato, tuna, boiled egg, olive oil, apple cider vinegar)
  • A glass of filtered/distilled water
  • Optional: Add 1-2 tsp. chlorella/spirulina to your water
Super Dinner
  • 1 cup steamed Brussels sprouts and 2 cups steamed broccoli
  • 5 oz. baked skinless chicken breast or baked wild salmon
  • 2 tbsp. extra virgin olive oil/coconut oil
  • 12-16 oz. filtered/distilled water
  • 1 cup raw vegetable juice
  • Optional: Add 1-2 tsp. chlorella/spirulina to your water or juice
Note: Before you consider buying the author's Death to Diabetes book, try these meals for a couple weeks to see if they will help to lower your blood glucose.


Diabetes Diet Meal Plan Macronutrients

As part of my Diabetes Diet & Meal Plan, I developed this diagram to help diabetics who were frustrated with calorie counting and carb counting.

This meal plate can be used as a template or guide to design diabetic-friendly meals and develop diabetic recipes without having to count carbs and calories. 

Make sure that at least half the plate is full of green and bright-colored vegetables. Use a quarter of the plate for lean protein foods; and, the other quarter of the plate for legumes, lentils, or vegetables; or, some organic grains if you're going vegan.

The Key Macronutrients

Healthy Carbs include mono/poly-saccharides in the form of bright, colorful and green, leafy vegetables, some dark, colorful fruits, onions, garlic, other herbs & spices, legumes, medicinal mushrooms, and some specific organic whole grains (but, not wheat or any grains with gluten!).

Note: However, you should avoid all grains and cereals during the first 3 to 4 months of the program until your blood glucose has stabilized.

Examples of vegetables include spinach, broccoli, Brussel sprouts, kale, asparagus, cauliflower, celery, cucumbers, kelp, onions, garlic, lentils, okra, and bell peppers.

Examples of fruits include dark, bright colored fruits such as açai berries, blackberries, blueberries, cherries, cranberries, strawberries, apples, grapes, pears, kiwi, lemons, limes, and pomegranates.

Note: Eating mostly raw vegetables can accelerate your body's repair process and your body's ability to reverse your diabetes.

Lean Proteins include all the essential and non-essential amino acids in the form of nuts, seeds, cold-water fish (e.g. wild salmon, tuna), blue-green algae (chlorella, spirulina), fermented soy, organic dairy (e.g. organic, Omega-3, free-range eggs), lean animal meats (e.g. free-range chicken, turkey, organic beef); bone broth, gelatin; grass-fedorgan meats (beef liver, heart); wild animal meat (e.g. bison, ostrich, deer).

Note 1: If you are concerned about the mercury in fish, eat smaller fish like sardines or take a high quality Omega-3 supplement.

Note 2: Fermented foods such as sauerkraut, pickles, homemade yogurt, kombucha (fermented black tea), miso and tempeh (fermented soybeans) help to improve the intestinal flora balance, build the immune system, absorb more nutrients, and generate new nutrients including Omega-3 fatty acids, digestive aids and the trace mineral GTF chromium.

Note 3: If you plan to follow a vegan diet, you can still use our nutritional model -- just replace animal protein with non-animal protein; and, add more beans, lentils, nuts, seeds, vegetables, fruits, (some) organic whole grains, healthy fats, and other super foods to your meal plan. Also, add meat substitutes (e.g. veggie burgers, black bean burgers, meatless “chicken nuggets”, “beef” crumbles, etc.) and organic soy products (e.g. soy milk, edamame, soy nuts, tofu, tempeh).

Healthy Fats include various lipids in the form of plant oils and the unsaturated fats in nuts and seeds, avocados, and cold-water fish, e.g. extra virgin olive oil, extra virgin coconut oil, cod liver oil. But, you must avoid the clear vegetable oils and canola oil! 

Other healthy fats include grass-fed animal meats, raw grass-fed organic milk, raw grass-fed butter/ghee, raw grass-fed cheese, sour cream. 

Liquids include various beverages in the form of filtered or distilled water, raw vegetable juices; green tea, white tea; some raw fruit juices; and, a couple of the low-carb organic bottled juices, e.g. lemon, tomato, V-8, mangosteen.


Diabetes Meal Plan Macronutrients

As part of my Diabetes Diet & Meal Plan, I developed this diagram to help diabetics who were frustrated with calorie counting and carb counting.

This meal plate can be used as a template or guide to design diabetic-friendly meals and develop diabetic recipes without having to count carbs and calories. 

Make sure that at least half the plate is full of green and bright-colored vegetables. Use a quarter of the plate for lean protein foods; and, the other quarter of the plate for legumes, lentils, or vegetables; or, some organic grains if you're going vegan.

The Key Macronutrients

Healthy Carbs include mono/poly-saccharides in the form of bright, colorful and green, leafy vegetables, some dark, colorful fruits, onions, garlic, other herbs & spices, legumes, medicinal mushrooms, and some specific organic whole grains (but, not wheat or any grains with gluten!).

Note: However, you should avoid all grains and cereals during the first 3 to 4 months of the program until your blood glucose has stabilized.

Examples of vegetables include spinach, broccoli, Brussel sprouts, kale, asparagus, cauliflower, celery, cucumbers, kelp, onions, garlic, lentils, okra, and bell peppers.

Examples of fruits include dark, bright colored fruits such as açai berries, blackberries, blueberries, cherries, cranberries, strawberries, apples, grapes, pears, kiwi, lemons, limes, and pomegranates.

Note: Eating mostly raw vegetables can accelerate your body's repair process and your body's ability to reverse your diabetes.

Lean Proteins include all the essential and non-essential amino acids in the form of nuts, seeds, cold-water fish (e.g. wild salmon, tuna), blue-green algae (chlorella, spirulina), fermented soy, organic dairy (e.g. organic, Omega-3, free-range eggs), lean animal meats (e.g. free-range chicken, turkey, organic beef); bone broth, gelatin; grass-fedorgan meats (beef liver, heart); wild animal meat (e.g. bison, ostrich, deer).

Note 1: If you are concerned about the mercury in fish, eat smaller fish like sardines or take a high quality Omega-3 supplement.

Note 2: Fermented foods such as sauerkraut, pickles, homemade yogurt, kombucha (fermented black tea), miso and tempeh (fermented soybeans) help to improve the intestinal flora balance, build the immune system, absorb more nutrients, and generate new nutrients including Omega-3 fatty acids, digestive aids and the trace mineral GTF chromium.

Note 3: If you plan to follow a vegan diet, you can still use our nutritional model -- just replace animal protein with non-animal protein; and, add more beans, lentils, nuts, seeds, vegetables, fruits, (some) organic whole grains, healthy fats, and other super foods to your meal plan. Also, add meat substitutes (e.g. veggie burgers, black bean burgers, meatless “chicken nuggets”, “beef” crumbles, etc.) and organic soy products (e.g. soy milk, edamame, soy nuts, tofu, tempeh).

Healthy Fats include various lipids in the form of plant oils and the unsaturated fats in nuts and seeds, avocados, and cold-water fish, e.g. extra virgin olive oil, extra virgin coconut oil, cod liver oil. But, you must avoid the clear vegetable oils and canola oil! 

Other healthy fats include grass-fed animal meats, raw grass-fed organic milk, raw grass-fed butter/ghee, raw grass-fed cheese, sour cream. 

Liquids include various beverages in the form of filtered or distilled water, raw vegetable juices; green tea, white tea; some raw fruit juices; and, a couple of the low-carb organic bottled juices, e.g. lemon, tomato, V-8, mangosteen.


The 5 Dead Foods for Diabetics to Avoid

The 5 "dead" processed foods include:
  1. Refined flour, starches, grains 
  2. Refined sugar, fructose, sweets
  3. Trans fats, hydrogenated oils 
  4. Saturated fats (conventional)
  5. Drugs, medications 
Examples of these foods include:
-- Bread, pasta, rice, corn, potatoes 
-- Cakes, pies, candy, bottled fruit juices
-- Margarine, vegetable oils, canola oil, frozen dinners, packaged foods 
-- Fast foods, junk food, processed foods, fried chicken, hamburger
-- Prescription, OTC drugs, recreational drugs such as cocaine and heroin


The 5 Live Super Foods for Diabetics

The 5 "live" super foods that help to better manage your blood sugar and your Type 2 diabetes include:
  1. Vegetables, Some Fruits, Other Plants
  2. Filtered Water/Liquids
  3. Lean Proteins
  4. Unsaturated/Polyunsaturated Fats
  5. Some Organic Whole Grains

Some of these "live" foods include:
-- Vegetables, e.g. broccoli, Brussels sprouts, spinach, kale
-- Some fruits, e.g. blueberries, apples
-- Raw juices, e.g. green juices
-- Green smoothies
-- Lean proteins with Omega-3 EFAs, e.g. wild salmon, sardines, nuts, seeds
-- Other lean proteins include grass-fed, organic chicken/turkey (no skin), beef, bison, venison,  tofu, tempeh, etc.
-- Plant oils, e.g. extra virgin olive oil, coconut oil, avocado oil
-- Quinoa, amaranth (limited) 


Type 2 Diabetes Diet Attributes

As you are probably aware, there are a lot of diabetes diets out there that claim to help you with lowering your blood sugar and managing your Type 2 diabetes!  This can be very frustrating when it comes to trying to figure out what you can and cannot eat to properly manage your diabetes.

I experienced the same frustration when I was diabetic. There was a lot of conflicting dietary information, especially about foods that were supposed to be healthy for diabetics. 

So, I decided to go back to the basics of nutritional science and cell biology to identify which foods contain the proper macronutrients and micronutrients that are needed to fight a disease like Type 2 diabetes.

Based on my research, I identified the foods that were healthy for Type 2 diabetics Then, I grouped them into 5 categories and called them the 5 "live" super foods.

Then, I identified the foods that were unhealthy for Type 2 diabetics, e.g. sweets, bread, cereal, fast foods, ground beef, tap water, etc. Again, I grouped them into 5 categories and called them the 5 "dead" processed foods.

But, knowing what foods to eat and not eat is not enough. You have to know what percentages and portions of each major macronutrient that you should eat with each meal.

So, I designed a meal plate model that  describes how meals should be designed and what portions of each major macronutrient that should be part of each meal. 

Key Attributes of Diabetes Diet
Here is a list of the key attributes associated with an effective diabetes diet :
  • Meal frequency: 4 to 6 times/day
  • Smaller meals: 400-500 calories)
  • Plant-based meals
  • Macronutrient-balanced meals
  • At least half the plate is full of vegetables
  • Key micronutrients, e.g. vitamins, minerals, phytochemicals 
  • High fiber content: 30-35g/day
  • Fermented foods: 3-5 times/week)
  • Raw vegetables: 50%-80%
  • Steamed vegetables (Note: Don't boil your vegetables!)
  • Some raw whole fruits
  • Wild-caught fish, e.g. wild salmon, sardines
  • Grass-fed animal meat, e.g. bison, chicken, beef, turkey
  • Plant oils, e.g. extra virgin olive oil, coconut oil, avocado oil
  • Raw grass-fed milk, butter/ghee, cheese, sour cream 
  • No vegetable oils, e.g. corn, soybean, canola oil
  • Nutritional Supplementation (food-based)
  • Antioxidants, Anti-inflammatories, Detoxifiers, Immune System Supporters
  • Minimum/no flour, gluten,sugar, wheat, fructose, processed foods, fast foods
  • No Grains during 1st 4 Stages
  • Minimum/No HFCS, PHO, nitrates, artificial sweeteners, food additives
  • Minimum/No caffeine, alcohol, drugs
  • Minimum/No dairy, especially pasteurized cow's milk/cheese; gluten (esp. for Type 1s)
Key Point: This is not a low fat diet! Ironically, low fat diets helped to create the obesity and diabetes epidemics! In fact, it's very important that you eat a balanced amount of fat -- just make sure they're the  healthy fats and oils.


Type 2 Diabetes Management Principles

The key health & wellness principles involved in a sound Type 2 diabetes management strategy include the following elements:
-- Nutrition
-- Exercise
-- Blood glucose testing
-- Cleanse and detox
-- Supplementation
-- Doctor visits/Physical exams
-- Medications
-- Support
-- Education


Risk Factors of Type 2 Diabetes

Here is a list of the major risk factors associated with Type 2 diabetes:
  • Abdominal fat: waistline greater than 40 in. (man), 35 in. (woman)
  • Note: Abdominal fat is biologically more active, causing inflammation
  • Overweight/obesity: Body Mass Index (BMI) greater than 25
  • Note: 5-10% of Type 2s are not overweight or obese
  • Poor nutrition: too many processed foods
  • Sedentary lifestyle: very little physical activity or exercise
  • Age: 45 years or older
  • High blood glucose: 126 or higher
  • High blood pressure: 130/80 or higher
  • High triglycerides: over 150
  • Low HDL cholesterol: under 40 for men, 50 for women
  • High inflammation: high homocysteine, high C-reactive protein
  • A family history: of Type 2 diabetes or cardiovascular disease
  • Non-Caucasian ethnicity: Hispanic-American, African-American, Native-American, Asian- American
  • Poor mental health: e.g. depression, anxiety
  • Gestational diabetes: during multiple pregnancies
  • Drug use: tobacco, alcohol; prescription, OTC, recreational drugs
  • Inflammation markers: C-Reactive Protein (CRP), Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF-α), Interleukin-6 (IL-6)  
Note: If you have 3 or more of these risk factors, you may be at risk for eventually developing Type 2 diabetes. Contact your doctor and set up an appointment for a complete physical.


Doctor Appointments

You should ensure that you set up the necessary doctor appointments during the calendar year as specified by your doctor (Primary Care Physician). If possible, try to schedule your appointments during the same time period each year. The table (on the right) shows a list of the key doctor visits that you should complete during the year. 

You should visit your primary care physician and/or endocrinologist on a regular basis to review your progress, your blood glucose readings, corrective actions, and other notes – at least until you have your blood glucose level under control. 

Depending on your health needs and your health goals, you should get a complete physical and set of blood work every 6 to 12 months to identify any trends that may be getting overlooked, especially if you’re not making any significant improvements. 

Concerning your feet, you should always clean and inspect them daily. Record any abnormalities to discuss with your physician at your next visit. Keep your feet clean and moist; and wear cotton socks for better absorbency. Concerning your teeth/gums, you should always check them for any bleeding.


Medical Diagnosis

In most cases, your doctor will use one or more of the following tests to diagnose if you have diabetes:

Random blood sugar test. A blood sample will be taken at a random time. Regardless of when you last ate, a random blood sugar level of 200 milligrams per deciliter (mg/dL) — 11.1 millimoles per liter (mmol/L) — or higher suggests diabetes.

Fasting blood sugar test. A blood sample will be taken after an overnight fast. A fasting blood sugar level less than 100 mg/dL (5.6 mmol/L) is normal. A fasting blood sugar level from 100 to 125 mg/dL (5.6 to 6.9 mmol/L) is considered prediabetes. If it's 126 mg/dL (7 mmol/L) or higher on two separate tests, your doctor will diagnose you with diabetes.

Oral glucose tolerance test. For this test, you fast overnight, and the fasting blood sugar level is measured. Then you drink a sugary liquid, and blood sugar levels are tested periodically for the next two hours.
A blood sugar level less than 140 mg/dL (7.8 mmol/L) is normal. A reading of more than 200 mg/dL (11.1 mmol/L) after two hours indicates diabetes. A reading between 140 and 199 mg/dL (7.8 mmol/L and 11.0 mmol/L) indicates prediabetes.

Another test that your doctor may perform is the glycated hemoglobin (A1C) test. This blood test, which doesn't require fasting, indicates your average blood sugar level for the past two to three months. It measures the percentage of blood sugar attached to hemoglobin, the oxygen-carrying protein in red blood cells.

The higher your blood sugar levels, the more hemoglobin you'll have with sugar attached. An A1C level of 6.5 percent or higher on two separate tests indicates that you have diabetes. An A1C between 5.7 and 6.4 percent indicates prediabetes. Below 5.7 is considered normal.The higher your blood sugar levels, the more hemoglobin you'll have with sugar attached. An A1C level of 6.5 percent or higher on two separate tests indicates that you have diabetes. An A1C between 5.7 and 6.4 percent indicates prediabetes. Below 5.7 is considered normal.



Root Causes of Type 2 Diabetes

The major root causes and co-factors associated with diabetes include the following:
  • Biochemical/Hormonal Imbalances
  • Chronic Inflammation
  • Hyperglycemia/Hyperinsulinemia
  • Insulin Resistance
  • Nutrient Deficiencies (Cell Starvation/Dehydration)
  • Oxidative Stress
  • Protein Glycation
  • Toxicity (Excess Cellular Toxic Load)
  • Immune System Impairment/Dysfunction
  • Healing & Cell Repair Dysfunction
The key message to get from this list is that diabetes is a complex disease with multiple root causes.


Symptoms of Type 2 Diabetes

The major symptoms associated with diabetes include the following:
  • Excessive thirst
  • Frequent urination
  • Blurred vision
  • Fatigue
  • Unexplained weight loss
  • Frequent infections
  • Slow-healing sores
  • Tingling hands and feet
  • Red, swollen, tender gums
If you have any of these symptoms, make sure that you should schedule an appointment with your doctor as soon as possible.


Types of Diabetes

There are several forms of diabetes mellitus (DM), but, the 3 major types of diabetes are:
  • Type 1 Diabetes
  • Type 2 Diabetes
  • Gestational Diabetes
Other types of diabetes include: 
  • Type 1.5 LADA (latent autoimmune diabetes in adult)
  • Type 3 Alzheimer's
  • MODY (Maturity onset diabetes of the young)
  • Brittle Diabetes
  • Double Diabetes
  • Steroid-induced diabetes (incl. CFRD, Cystic fibrosis-related diabetes).

Importance of Diabetes Education & Awareness

Before I became diabetic, I was not aware of the signs (symptoms) of Type 2 diabetes.

In addition, I was not aware of how many people developed diabetes. And, I was not aware of how serious a disease that diabetes was. 

And, after I became diabetic, I was not aware of the community services and educational resources that were available for people with diabetes.

So, you see, being aware is very important when it comes to this disease. And, being educated about this disease is also very important.

Ironically, today, we provide education and awareness services to help other diabetics cope with this disease.

Purpose of Blog

The primary purpose of this blog is to provide diabetes education and awareness about Type 2 diabetes in order to support effective Type 2 diabetes management. 

Key Elements of a sound diabetes education and awareness strategy include:
-- Nutrition
-- Exercise
-- Blood glucose testing
-- Cleanse and detox
-- Supplementation
-- Doctor visits/Physical exams
-- Medications
-- Support
-- Education



Purpose of Blog

The primary purpose of this blog is to provide diabetes education and awareness about Type 2 diabetes in order to support effective Type 2 ...